Friday, 24 April 2020

CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS

CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS----In chemical disinfectants main are being described-‐----

**BICHLORIDE OF MERCURY
**CARBOLIC ACID OR PHENOL
**POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
**LIME
**CHLORINATED LIME OR BLEACHING POWDER
**SOAP
**SULPHUR DIOXIDE
**FORMALDEHYDE GAS
**CHLORINE GAS
**HYDROCYANIC ACID GAS
**AEROSOLS

**BICHLORIDE OF MERCURY-----It is also called perchloride of mercury. It is  very powerful disinfectants for destroyed microbes, and spores. It is  used in the  ratio of 1:1000,with the  use of this quantity, microbes of glandrums,dyphtheria,typhoid and anthrax can be killed within 10 minutes. For destroying spores, quantity should be  inthe ratio of 1:500.This is not deodorants. Its solution is quite colorless and poisonous.

**CARBOLIC ACID OR PHENOL---------It is obtained from distilling of coal tar.It is cheap and  useful disinfectant.But ,it cannot  destroy spores.

**POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE--------Its disinfectants power is due to oxygen. Its use is done  for disinfecting water at the  time of cholera is spread. It functions only in the  form of deodorant.

**LIME-----It is the cheapest and powerful disinfectants. It should be used only after extinction. It is used for disinfecting water, excrements and flooretc.1:10 solution of lime destroys microbes in few hours.

**CHLORINATED LIME OR BLEACHING POWDER-‐-------It can receive moisture of air and carbon dioxide easily and readily. It functions in both the forms deodorants and disinfectant. 5% solution of bleaching powder is sufficient for disinfecting filth.For disinfecting rooms, solution of 1:30 is enough. For disinfecting wells 1/2 ounce powder is sufficient for 1000 gallon water.

**SOAP------Due to too much use,soap is less important in the form of disinfectant.But for cleaning, it functions as an important means.In destroying diphtheria Bacilli,cleaning through soap and hot water is useful. Coconut soap is helpful in disinfecting microbes of typhoid.

**SULPHUR DIOXIDE----This gas is made by burning sulphur. It is  mainly used for disinfecting ships,cars and stable etc.It is a poisonous gas. Its germicidal action depends upon presence of humidity.

**FORMALDEHYDE GAS--------It is powerful  disinfectants. It is  used as steam. It does not leave any bad effect on metal. Its powerful solution is  very much harmful to eyes and lungs. It can be used in the following ways---

**PERMANGANATE METHOD
**BLEACHING POWDER  METHOD
**PARAFORM METHOD

**PERMANGANATE  METHOD-----In it,for disinfecting per thousand cubic feet of place 5 ounce potassium  permanganate and from 10 to 15 ounce 40% formilinis mixed. Formilin should be  dissolved in the water  of that  volume. This method is easy and effective. But at the time of  use of  it,no fire should be brought near it,because it is inflammable. Thus,there  may be explosion.

**BLEACHING POWDER METHOD------In it,for disinfecting per thousand  cubic feet of  place 2 pounds  bleaching powder and 40 ounce formalin is sufficient. In it,firstly power is mixed in water to make a paste. After that, formalin is  mixed in that paste.

**PARAFORM METHOD-------In it for disinfecting per thousand cubic feet of place, 25 paraform tablets are heated by alphormant lamp.This tablet is of one gram in weight. By heating up formalin,Aldehyde is converted in solid poly meriod paraform.

**CHLORINE GAS-------it is disinfectants and deodorant both.It is  more harmful for eyes than sulphur dioxide. For disinfecting per thousand cubic feet of place one pound sulphuric acid or hydrochloric  and 2 pound of bleaching powder is enough. By mixing of these both, chlorine gas is  formed.

**HYDROCYANIC ACID  GAS------Bacteria is not effected by this  gas.Its use is done mainly for destroying rats,flea and other affected things. It is chemically inactive. In America practically this gas has occupied the place of  sulphur  dioxide in the form of fumigant.For disinfecting per thousand cubic feet of place 5 ounce potassium cyanide, 7.5 ounce sulphuric acid and 10 ounce water mixture from  this  gas and it is  sufficient.

**Aerosols------ Aerosol is that element which becomes worthy of  praying in its last form. In a good Aerosol, following are the qualities-‐------

**RAPID GERMICIDAL ACTION
**HIGH DISPERSIBILITY

Aerosol does not leave any bad effect on the  human  beings or animals. These are not virus. In these sodium hypochlorite, ethylene,glycol, and propylene glycol are the main.

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